ABSTRACT
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: An enhanced severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) vaccine regimen could improve humoral vaccine response in patients with multiple sclerosis (MS) treated by anti-CD20. The aim was to evaluate the serological response and the neutralizing activity after BNT162b2 primary and booster vaccination in MS patients, including patients on anti-CD20 receiving a primary vaccine regimen enhanced with three injections. METHODS: In this prospective longitudinal cohort study of 90 patients (47 on anti-CD20, 10 on fingolimod, 33 on natalizumab, dimethylfumarate or teriflunomide), anti-SARS-CoV-2 receptor binding domain (RBD) immunoglobulin G antibodies were quantified and their neutralization capacity was evaluated by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (GenScript) and a virus neutralization test against B.1 historical strain, Delta and Omicron variants, before and after three to four BNT162b2 injections. RESULTS: After the primary vaccination scheme, the anti-RBD positivity rate was strongly decreased in patients on anti-CD20 (28% [15%; 44%] after two shots, 45% [29%; 62%] after three shots) and fingolimod (50% [16%; 84%]) compared to other treatments (100% [90%; 100%]). Neutralization activity was also decreased in patients on anti-CD20 and fingolimod, and notably low for the Omicron variant in all patients (0%-22%). Delayed booster vaccination was performed in 54 patients, leading to a mild increase of anti-RBD seropositivity in patients on anti-CD20 although it was still lower compared to other treatments (65% [43%; 84%] vs. 100% [87%; 100%] respectively). After a booster, Omicron neutralization activity remained low on anti-CD20 and fingolimod treated patients but was strongly increased in patients on other treatments (91% [72%; 99%]). DISCUSSION: In MS patients on anti-CD20, an enhanced primary vaccination scheme moderately increased anti-RBD seropositivity and anti-RBD antibody titre, but neutralization activity remained modest even after a fourth booster injection. TRIAL REGISTRATION INFORMATION: COVIVAC-ID, NCT04844489, first patient included on 20 April 2021.
ABSTRACT
Objectif Évaluer l’impact des restrictions liées au COVID-19 sur la narcolepsie de type 1 (NT1), la narcolepsie de type 2 (NT2) et l’hypersomnie idiopathique (HI). Méthodes Enquête en ligne évaluant les caractéristiques clinico-démographiques et professionnelles pendant le premier confinement a été proposée aux patients ayant une NT1, NT2 et HI, suivis dans un hôpital universitaire. Résultats Les 219 personnes ayant répondu à l’enquête ont signalé une augmentation moyenne de 1,2±1,9h (p<0,001) du temps de sommeil nocturne et une diminution moyenne de 1,0±3,4 points (p<0,001) sur l’échelle de somnolence d’Epworth. Les télétravailleurs ont eu une augmentation moyenne de 0,9±1,2h de leur sommeil nocturne (p<0,001) et une diminution moyenne du score de somnolence de 1,6±3,1 (p<0,001). La cataplexie s’est améliorée chez 54,1 % des NT1. La somnolence est corrélée au bien-être psychologique (R=0,3, p<0,001). 42,5 % des patients ont apprécié ce premier confinement, grâce à la réaffectation du temps habituellement consacré aux trajets domicile-travail, à un temps de sommeil plus long, aux loisirs et à la famille, et ont apprécié un horaire de sieste plus libre. À l’inverse, 13,2 % des patients ont ressenti un sentiment d’isolement et de détresse psychologique. Conclusion Ces résultats suggèrent que les personnes atteintes d’HI, NT1 et NT2 peuvent bénéficier d’une diminution des contraintes sociales et professionnelles sur les habitudes de sommeil et soulignent l’importance des aménagements des horaires et du lieu de travail dans cette population.
ABSTRACT
STUDY OBJECTIVES: To assess the impact of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19)-related restrictions on narcolepsy type 1 (NT2), narcolepsy type 2 (NT2), and idiopathic hypersomnia (IH). METHODS: Participants with NT1, NT2, and IH followed in a university hospital completed an online 78-question survey assessing demographic, clinical, and occupational features of the population during the first COVID-19-related lockdown. RESULTS: A total of 219 of 851 (25.7%) respondents of the survey reported a mean increase of 1.2 ± 1.9 hours (P < .001) in night sleep time and a mean decrease of 1.0 ± 3.4 points (P < .001) on the Epworth Sleepiness Scale during lockdown. Bedtime was delayed by 46.1% of participants and wakeup time was delayed by 59.6%, driven primarily by participants with IH. Teleworkers (but not in-person workers) reported a mean increase of 0.9 ± 1.2 hours in night sleep (P < .001) and a mean decrease in sleepiness score of 1.6 ± 3.1 (P < .001). Cataplexy improved in 54.1% of participants with NT1. Sleepiness correlated with psychological wellness (r = .3, P < .001). As many as 42.5% enjoyed the lockdown, thanks to reallocation of time usually spent commuting toward longer sleep time, hobbies, and family time, and appreciated a freer napping schedule. Conversely, 13.2% disliked the lockdown, feeling isolation and psychological distress. CONCLUSIONS: Extended sleep time, circadian delay (in patients with IH), and teleworking resulted in decreased symptoms of central hypersomnias. These findings suggest that people with IH, NT1, and NT2 may benefit from a decrease in social and professional constraints on sleep-wake habits, and support advocacy efforts aimed at facilitating workplace and schedule accommodations for this population. CITATION: Nigam M, Hippolyte A, Dodet P, et al. Sleeping through a pandemic: impact of COVID-19-related restrictions on narcolepsy and idiopathic hypersomnia. J Clin Sleep Med. 2022;18(1):255-263.